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The Miranda Warning: Fact v. Fiction

By Chris Hendricks, JD

The phrase is so familiar to us all: โ€œYou have the right to remain silent.โ€ Most are even able to repeat the remaining rights without much thought or hesitation. The Miranda Warning has been recited by countless law enforcement officers and television actors for going on five decades. But what is not so clear to those not educated in the finer points of the law is just when the warning must be given by the police.

FALSE: The police must advise every arrested person of the Miranda Warning.

THE TRUTH: The police are never required to advise anyone of his or her Miranda rights. If a police officer arrests a person and never speaks even one sentence of the warning, that arrest is still a valid arrest. The Miranda Warning is not mandatory.

There are two magic words associated with the Miranda Warning: custodial interrogation. Custodial has been interpreted to mean that a reasonable person would not feel free to leave a particular situation or setting. If a police officer is conducting an investigation, and tells a person that he or she is not free to leave, then for purposes of the Miranda Warning, that person is being detained; or to use the key word, in custody. An interrogation occurs when a person is being asked questions which are likely to illicit an incriminating response. The question โ€œwhat is your address?โ€ is most likely not interrogatory. However, โ€œdid you shoot the victim?โ€ may result in an incriminating response, and thus would be considered part of an interrogation.

Once a police officer is engaged in a custodial interrogation of a suspect, the officer must advise that person of the Miranda Warning, right? WRONG. Only if the officer intends for that personโ€™s statements to be used as evidence against him or her should the officer advise the person of the rights. If the officer obtains information that is incriminating from the suspect, and the warning was never spoken prior to those incriminating statements, then the statements may be excluded from the case-in-chief, or initial presentation of evidence, at the trial. There is no other recourse. Statements still may be used to impeach the personโ€™s credibility on cross-examination if the person testifies in his or her defense.

As you can see, the Miranda Warning is not as powerful as many believe it to be. It is very narrowly applied and does not always guarantee that incriminating statements will never be heard in a court of law. If you are arrested, do not expect to be advised of your Miranda rights. You will likely be disappointed.๏ปฟ

*This content is for informational purposes only and not intended to constitute legal advice, is not a substitute for professional legal counsel, and does not create an attorney-client relationship. This is for general knowledge and should not be relied upon for specific legal situations.


Chris Hendricks is an attorney in Murray, Kentucky. A native of Murray, he earned a Bachelor of Arts from Murray State University. Chris was employed in law enforcement for 11 years before pursuing a career in the practice of law. After earning his law degree from Southern Illinois University School of Law, Chris received a license to practice law in Kentucky in 2014. He focuses on criminal defense, appeals, personal injury and family law.  He resides in Murray with his wife. They have two daughters, ages 22 and 19. 

Bookstore Romance Day at Bolin Books

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Join us at Bolin Books in Downtown Murray in celebrating Bookstore Romance Day on Saturday, August 9! We’ll have dozens of new romance titles on our shelves and special displays throughout the shop.

Independent bookstores throughout the US began celebrating Bookstore Romance Day in 2023 to spotlight the incredible impact romance fiction has on the book world and to celebrate the romance readers who embraced and elevated the genre. Bookstore Romance Day is all about creating a joyful, community-driven celebration focused on love stories in all their forms.

Bolin Books is a used and rare independent bookstore in Downtown Murray. We’ll be open from 9 AM to 6 PM on Bookstore Romance Day and hope to see you there!

In remembrance: Terrence “Terry” Little

Mr. Terrence โ€œTerryโ€ Little, age 83, of Murray, Kentucky, passed away, Saturday, July 26, 2025, at the Anna Mae Owen Residential Hospice House in Murray, Kentucky.

Terry was born on July 31, 1941, in Chicago, Illinois. His parents, who are deceased, were John W. Little and Anna Marie Hogan. He has a younger sister, Jeanne Dodge of Eurica, Illinois and was preceded in death by four younger brothers, James W. Little, Douglas F. Radcliffe, Thomas A. Radcliffe, and Michael C. Little. He is survived by his wife of more than 55 years, Judi M. Little; as well three daughters, Teresa L. Osthaus of Omaha, Nebraska, Tamera L. Jones of Fort Myers, Florida, and Kathleen M. VanDerHarst of Mundelein, Illinois. He left eight grandchildren, six great grandchildren, and numerous nieces and nephews.

Terry served four years in the United States Navy with two years being on the USS Magoffin (APA-199) as a Hospital Corpsman and he attained the rank of HM-2. Most of his working life he was involved with training, instructional design, and management. He and his wife retired in 2004 and moved to Murray.

Terry was best known for his civic photography and his semi regular time as host of the Morning Program on WNBS. He was also recognized by his colorful shoes, socks, and glasses. In 2009, Playhouse in the Park named him volunteer of the year, and he received the Playhouse Icon award in 2010. He also received the Chamber of Commerce Presidents award that year. In 2015 he was named Murray Citizen of the Year, and in 2018 he was named Hometown Hero.

Terry was an active member of the Murray Rotary Club and served 13 years as secretary and vice chairman of the Calloway County Protection District. He was very involved at Playhouse and the Film Burners Photo Club.

A memorial service will be held at 3:00 p.m., Thursday, July 31, 2025, at the J.H. Churchill Funeral Home & Cremation Services with Bob Valentine, John Dale, and Mark Welch officiating. Visitation will be held from 12:00 p.m. โ€“ 3:00 p.m., Thursday, July 31, 2025, at the J.H. Churchill Funeral Home & Cremation Services.

Expressions of sympathy can be made to Playhouse in the Park, 907 Arcadia Circle, Murray, Kentucky 42071 or to Murray Calloway County Needline, 638 South 4th Street, Murray, Kentucky 42071.

Online condolences can be made at www.jhchurchill.com.

Niemeyer and Gibson request separate trials

MURRAY โ€“ Attorneys for Chyanne Niemeyer and Nathaniel Gibson have each filed motions requesting that the defendants be tried separately, citing the pursuit of antagonist defenses โ€“ in other words, each defendant plans to implicate the other should their cases go to trial.

Niemeyer and Gibson, who was identified as Niemeyerโ€™s fiancรฉ in the complaint warrants, were arrested on Oct. 22, 2023 and charged with murder and first-degree criminal abuse of a child under 12 years old after Niemeyerโ€™s 17-month-old daughter died from severe burn injuries.

Nathaniel Gibson stands at the podium flanked by his attorney Zanda Myers, of Bowling Green, Ky., right, and co-counsel Olivia Adams, of Hopkinsville, Ky. (JESSICA PAINE/The Murray Sentinel)

According to the uniform citation, Niemeyer and Gibson brought the girl to the emergency room after they found her nonresponsive. Allegedly, both told Murray Police Department Detective Justin Swope that the burns resulted from โ€œscaldingโ€ hot bathwater. Both claimed they attempted to get the toddler out of the water but could not because of the temperature, but Swope noted in his report that neither Niemeyer nor Gibson had any redness on their hands or arms.

When it became evident to Niemeyer that her daughterโ€™s skin was being profoundly damaged, she removed the girl from the tub and treated her wounds by applying BENGAY, which is an ointment designed to provide relief for muscle and joint pain, backaches and minor arthritis pain that, according to package instructions, should not be applied to damaged skin. Swope’s report also noted โ€œstrong medicine odorโ€ coming from the child.

The couple was arrested that night and have remained in the Calloway County Detention Center, each on a $500,000 cash bond.

The defendants appeared in Calloway Circuit Court this morning for a previously scheduled review hearing. Considering the respective motions were filed on Friday and Sunday, Assistant Commonwealthโ€™s Attorney James Burkeen advised the court that the prosecution was not prepared to have a hearing on the motions. Agreeing that the motions were not ripe for hearing today, Calloway Circuit Judge Andrea Moore continued the hearings on those motions to Aug. 19 at 2 p.m.

Calloway Circuit Judge Andrea Moore speaks to Nathaniel Gibson’s counsel at this morning’s review hearing. (JESSICA PAINE/The Murray Sentinel)
Assistant Commonwealth’s Attorney James Burkeen refers to his laptop for details about the case during Nathaniel Gibson’s hearing in Calloway Circuit Court this morning. (JESSICA PAINE/The Murray Sentinel)

Individuals accused of crimes are presumed innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.


The Sentinel has followed these cases since Niemeyer and Gibson were arrested in 2023. If you arenโ€™t familiar with the story, the links below are in chronological order to help you catch up.

Murray couple pleads not guilty to murder in toddler death

Niemeyer and Gibson cases advance to grand jury

Niemeyerโ€™s counsel requests additional evidence be collected

Grand jury returns indictments in child abuse case

Motherโ€™s competency to stand trial questioned

Motherโ€™s competency hearing set in murder/child abuse case

Breaking news: Niemeyer competent to stand trial

Moore deems Niemeyer competent to stand trial

Lockhart jailed for violating bond conditions

UPDATE (Feb. 6, 2026): Leslie Lockhart entered a plea agreement resolving the criminal charges in this case. Read our latest reporting here: Lockhart pleads guilty in theft case, agrees to pay victimโ€™s estate $300,000

MURRAY โ€“ The Murray woman and former Kentucky Court of Justice employee who is facing 23 counts of fraud, among other charges, in Calloway Circuit Court for allegedly embezzling more than $175,000 from an elderly woman for whom she provided in-home care was sanctioned to four days in jail for violating the conditions of her bond.

Circuit Court Judge, 42nd Judicial Circuit Andrea Moore, whose district covers both Calloway and Marshall counties, imposed the sanctions in a hearing held in Marshall County Tuesday, ordering 53-year-old Leslie Lockhart to report to the Calloway County Detention Center no later than 6 p.m., court records show, to serve as punishment for testing positive for alcohol consumption in June, a violation of her bond conditions. She must also pay for the screening test.

Lockhart, who spent decades working in the local legal field, most recently serving as a case manager for 42nd Judicial Circuit Family Court Judge Stephanie Perlow, was arrested in February and charged with 23 counts of second-degree forgery, theft by unlawful taking ($10,000 to $1 million) and knowingly abusing or neglecting an adult.

Leslie Lockhart, right, appears in Calloway District Court with her attorney, Jason Holland for her arraignment in February. (Zoom screenshot)

After her arrest, Lockhartโ€™s bond was set at $20,000 cash. Within two days, the bond was posted. Upon her release, she was subject to standard bond conditions, such as no new arrests, appear in court as directed and refrain from using or possessing alcohol or drugs. In addition, she is forbidden from selling or transferring property of any kind without court approval.

The victim in this case was Perlowโ€™s mother, Maria Judy. In 2023, Perlow hired Lockhart to be her motherโ€™s part-time caregiver. After Judy passed away last December, Perlow discovered 20 forged checks totaling $177,768 and reported the theft to the Kentucky State Police. KSPโ€™s investigation uncovered evidence of multiple fraudulent transfers from Judyโ€™s investment and retirement accounts in addition to more forged checks.

There are notable discrepancies in the charging document the KSP filed in Calloway District Court and the one filed in Calloway Circuit Court by Special Prosecutor Richie Kemp regarding the total amount of money Lockhart allegedly took from Judyโ€™s accounts. KSPโ€™s complaint warrant identified $256,768 in fraudulent transactions; however, the information Kemp prepared after Lockhart waived her right to a preliminary hearing in district court, thereby allowing the case to advance to circuit court without a grand jury indictment, stated the total amount was $177,601.

Leslie Lockhart leaves the courtroom following her circuit court arraignment in April. (JESSICA PAINE/The Murray Sentinel)
Attorney Jason Holland, left, and Special Prosecutor Richie Kemp speak with Calloway Circuit Judge Andrea Moore during Lockhart’s arraignment. (JESSICA PAINE/The Murray Sentinel)

Lockhart was arraigned in Calloway Circuit Court on April 21. Moore entered standard discovery orders to facilitate the exchange of evidence between the parties, and set the next hearing for June 16.  

During that June hearing, Kemp requested Lockhart submit to a drug and alcohol screening. Moore obliged and ordered the defendant to submit a specimen within an hour. Lockhartโ€™s specimen tested positive for alcohol. The screener noted on the test results that Lockhart โ€œhad 1 beer yesterday.โ€ Kemp wasted no time and filed a motion to revoke and forfeit bond that afternoon, which was initially noticed for hearing on July 7.

While Lockhartโ€™s case was on the docket that day, neither Lockhart nor her counsel, Hopkinsville-based Jason Holland, appeared. Kemp was present, and when the case was called, he informed the court that he did not anticipate Holland or Lockhart being present and asked to approach the bench. After conferring with the judge for nearly two minutes, he left the podium, and the next case was called. According to the clerkโ€™s notes on the docket sheet, the hearing was continued to July 15 in Marshall County.

Special Prosecutor Richie Kemp, right, talks to Commonwealth’s Attorney Dennis Foust before court goes into session on July 7. (Zoom screenshot)

At Tuesdayโ€™s hearing, while Moore sanctioned Lockhart for violating her bond conditions, she held Kempโ€™s motion for forfeiture in abeyance and continued the matter to Aug. 18.

The criminal proceedings in Calloway Circuit Court are not Lockhartโ€™s only legal concerns. On March 4, she and her husband filed for Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Bankruptcy court filings show more discrepancies as to the total amount allegedly taken from Judyโ€™s checking, retirement and investment accounts, starting with the petition, which lists the Estate of Maria Judy among the creditors, claiming a nonpriority unsecured debt of $120,000 owed to it.

In April, Perlow, in her capacity as the executrix of the Estate of Maira Judy, filed an adversary proceeding against Lockhart and her husband, contesting the dischargeability of the debt owed to the estate under claims of fraud, embezzlement and willful and malicious injury. The complaint, filed by Murray attorney Jacob Caddas, claimed Lockhart owes Judyโ€™s estate $286,768.

โ€œCo-Debtor stole more than a quarter million dollars from the Estate of Maria Judy, without permission and without a right to the money,โ€ the complaint stated. โ€œ[Lockhart] should not be permitted to discharge a debt which was the result of โ€˜fraudโ€™, โ€˜embezzlementโ€™, โ€˜false pretenseโ€™ or any other version of theft which the law might recognize.โ€

In an affidavit filed with the complaint, Perlow explained that, in addition to working as a case manager in her office, she also hired Lockhart to be an at-home caregiver for her mother, the victim, for a couple of hours in the evenings as well as on Sunday mornings, noting that Lockhart held โ€œa place of trustโ€ within her family.  

According to Perlow, the alleged fraudulent transactions ranged in amounts from $4,839 to $30,000 per transaction, the affidavit stated, with the final transaction occurring approximately one-and-a-half hours after the victim passed away. After Perlow informed her of Judyโ€™s death, Lockhart allegedly deposited a forged check in the amount of $4,400 into her personal bank account.

A pre-trial conference in the adversary proceeding is scheduled to be held telephonically on Tuesday, Aug. 12, at 8 a.m.

Lockhart is due back in Calloway Circuit Court on Monday, Aug. 18, at 8:30 a.m. for the final pre-trial conference in her ongoing criminal case.

Individuals charged with crimes are presumed innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.


Kentucky could be the hardest hit after latest federal healthcare spending cuts

Byย Anna Claire Vollers/Stateline (As published by Northern Kentucky Tribune | 6.19.25)

Congress set aside $50 billion for rural hospitals and medical providers to allay fears over the billions more in historic cuts to federal health care spending that President Donald Trump signed into law on Independence Day.

But is that bandage big enough to save struggling rural hospitals?

โ€œI have more questions than I have answers,โ€ said Alan Morgan, CEO of the National Rural Health Association, a nonprofit policy group. โ€œNo one has those answers yet.โ€

Morgan noted that the new money for rural health, to be spent over five years, is far less than the $155 billion in rural Medicaid spending cuts over 10 years, as estimated by KFF, a nonprofit health policy and research group.

Experts, hospital leaders and lawmakers on both sides of the aisle fear that Trumpโ€™s signature legislation will particularly gut rural hospitals and clinics, which see an outsize share of patients who are insured through Medicaid, the federal-state public health insurance for people with low incomes. The new law slashes more than $1 trillion from Medicaid over the next 10 years to help pay for tax cuts that disproportionately benefit the wealthy.

The $50 billion addition was an effort by Republican leaders in Congress to win the votes of colleagues within their party who initially balked at supporting such steep cuts to Medicaid and other health services.

In the U.S. Senate, the rural program helped secure the vote of Alaska moderate Republican Sen. Lisa Murkowski, who expressed concern about the lawโ€™s impact on health care in her state. About 1 in 3 Alaskans are insured through Medicaid.

Jared Kosin, the president and CEO of the Alaska Hospital & Healthcare Association, said heโ€™s deeply frustrated with the new lawโ€™s gutting of Medicaid funding, which he thinks will wreak lasting damage on Alaskans. And Republicans sidestepped potential solutions by just throwing money into a program, he said.

โ€œItโ€™s frustrating in the public realm when decisions like this are made fast and, frankly, carelessly,โ€ he said. โ€œThe consequences are going to fall on us, not them.โ€

More than half of the lawโ€™s cuts to funding in rural areas are concentrated in 12 states with large rural populations that expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act to cover more people, according to KFF: Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania and Virginia.

Some GOP lawmakers in Congress have heralded the $50 billion rural program as a health care victory. But itโ€™s still unclear which hospitals, clinics and other providers would receive money and how much.

How it works

(Graphic from KFF.org/NKyTribune)

The Rural Health Transformation Program will dole out $10 billion annually from fiscal years 2026 through 2030.

States must apply for their funding by the end of this year, submitting a detailed plan on how it would be used.

The law outlines some ways that states can use the money, according to an analysis of the legislation from the Bipartisan Policy Center:

โ€ข Making payments to rural hospitals to help them maintain essential services such as emergency room care or labor and delivery.

โ€ข Recruiting and training rural doctors, nurses and other health workers.

โ€ข Bolstering emergency medical services such as ambulances and EMTs.

โ€ข Using new technologies, including telehealth.

โ€ข Providing opioid use disorder treatment and mental health services.

โ€ข Improving preventive care and chronic disease management.

Half of the $10 billion each year will be distributed evenly across states that have applied for it. The other half can be distributed by the administrator of the federal Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services โ€“ currently Dr. Mehmet Oz โ€“ at his discretion, based on a stateโ€™s rural population and rural health facilities.

Although the program doesnโ€™t replace the amount states are likely to lose, Morgan said itโ€™s still an opportunity to rethink how rural health care is funded. Heโ€™d like to see states given flexibility in how theyโ€™re able to use the funds, and he hopes they focus on keeping rural communities healthy through preventive care while still helping hospitals keep their doors open.

โ€œIf done correctly, it could really change the future course for rural America,โ€ Morgan said. โ€œThat is such a tough ask, though.โ€

Hardest hit

(Graphic from KFF.org/NKyTribune)

Kentucky could take the biggest hit from the new lawโ€™s reduction in rural Medicaid funding, losing an estimated $12 billion over 10 years, according to a KFF analysis.

The stateโ€™s Medicaid department is still waiting for additional federal guidance to understand how the stateโ€™s program will be affected, Kendra Steele, spokesperson with the Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, told Stateline in a statement.

โ€œOver 1.4 million Kentuckians rely on Medicaid โ€” including half of all children in our state, seniors and more vulnerable populations โ€” and the passage of legislation on the federal level will have serious impacts for those individuals, rural health care and hospitals and local economies,โ€ she wrote.

Even with the new program, states across the country will have to reevaluate their budgets in light of the cuts, said Hemi Tewarson, executive director at the National Academy for State Health Policy, a nonpartisan group that supports states in developing health care policies.

โ€œEvery region is slightly different and thereโ€™s not a one-size-fits-all approach,โ€ she said. โ€œHospital ownership varies [as well as] the types of services that are critical for the community where theyโ€™re located. They have to think about new ways to provide those services in a context with fewer resources.โ€

About 44% of rural hospitals are operating in the red, according to a KFF analysis of Rand Hospital Data, a higher share than the 35% of hospitals in urban areas.

โ€˜Rural at heartโ€™

Prior to the billโ€™s passage, Oz attempted to reassure U.S. House Republicans that their districts could get money from the program even if they werenโ€™t specifically rural, Politico reported earlier this month.

Pennsylvania Republican U.S. Rep. Rob Bresnahan said money would begin flowing to his district as early as the beginning of next year, telling the Wilkes-Barre Times Leader earlier this month that he met with Trump, Oz and others to secure pledges that hospitals in his district could access the fund. He represents the northeastern corner of Pennsylvania, which includes suburban and rural areas, as well as the cities of Scranton and Wilkes-Barre.

Though the legislation includes guidelines on which facilities or areas qualify as โ€œrural,โ€ Morgan, of the National Rural Health Association, expects a mad dash from lawmakers and providers to claim rural status in order to get a piece of the funding.

โ€œThatโ€™s going to be a huge issue โ€” defining whoโ€™s rural,โ€ Morgan said. โ€œWeโ€™re all rural at heart when it comes to money.โ€

Stateline reporter Anna Claire Vollers can be reached at avollers@stateline.org.

Stateline is part of States Newsroom, a nonprofit news network supported by grants and a coalition of donors as a 501c(3) public charity. Stateline maintains editorial independence. Contact Editor Scott S. Greenberger for questions: info@stateline.org.

KET cancels Fancy Farm coverage and fall project planned in Murray (Press Release)

LEXINGTON, Ky. – Due to the expected passage of the Rescissions Act that eliminates federal funding for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), KET has made the difficult decision to eliminate this yearโ€™s coverage of the annual Fancy Farm political event. CPB funding was the primary source of support for KETโ€™s local productions and related services.

โ€œWe are extremely disappointed to not be at Fancy Farm, an event we have covered for decades,โ€ said KET Executive Director and CEO Shae Hopkins. โ€œThe unofficial kickoff to the political season is an important tradition, and we have been pleased to share this iconic event with our statewide audience through the years.โ€

Also cancelled is a planned project to take Kentucky Edition and Kentucky Tonight programs to Murray for a week in September to highlight the region.

More decisions to address the elimination of federal funding will be made in the coming weeks.

KET is Kentuckyโ€™s largest classroom, providing trusted programming, lifelong learning opportunities and essential services to more than two million people each week. Learn more about Kentuckyโ€™s preeminent public media organization atย KET.org, on Xย @KETย and atย facebook.com/KET.


Editor’s note: Sentinel Board Chair Chad Lampe is an employee of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.

In remembrance: Joseph Marshall Ward, Jr.

July 9, 1953 – April 2, 2025

Joseph Marshall Ward, Jr., 71, of Murray, KY, passed away peacefully on April 2, 2025, at Baptist Health Hospital in Paducah, KY. Born on July 9, 1953, in Nashville, TN, Marshall was the son of Joseph Marshall Ward, Sr., an accomplished artist, and Paula Moore Ward, a dedicated nurse educator, both of whom preceded him in death.

He is survived by his loving wife of 35 years, Pamela Jean Brown Ward; his daughter, Lauren Bailey Ward Cruz, of Woodside, NY; his sons, Charles Dillon Ward and wife Emily Denham Ward of Peoria, IL, and Joseph Alexander Ward and wife Hannah Grace Wachenheim of Louisville, KY. Marshall was a proud and doting grandfather to Noah Dustin Cruz and Lydia Grace Cruz. He is also survived by his brother, McDaniel Moore Ward of Pearl River, LA, and nieces and nephews, Jacob Reid Ward, Megan Suzanne Ward, and Bradley Scott Ward. He is also survived by cousins Byron Paul Barlowe and Natalie Barlowe Hinton and their families who will miss him dearly. Marshall was preceded in death by his son-in-law, Fire Department of the City of New York Lieutenant Robert Bing Cruz and cousin-in-law Vann Harris Hinton.

Marshall spent his formative years in East Tennessee and Charleston, SC, places that shaped the vibrant, spirited man he became. A gifted storyteller with a quick wit, Marshall often recounted his youthful fights for justice against the neighborhood bullies behind the laundromat back in Bristol. He had great memories of the summers he spent at Camp Ridgecrest for Boys. He also looked back fondly on his high school days, a few of which were spent skipping class to surf the waves and cruise the coast in his beloved black 1970 Nova. Marshall was also a gifted athlete, competing in track and field and playing soccer during his college years. His passion for endurance sports continued beyond college, and he went on to become an avid marathon runner.

Marshall loved a good time and lived each moment with unmistakable gusto. With his easy charm, Marshall never met a stranger, and he leaves behind a legacy of a life fully lived. Before embarking on a long and impactful career as an educator, he wore many hatsโ€”baker, disc jockey, jeweler, landscaperโ€”and brought the same passion to each. As a small business owner, he ran a successful painting company specializing in the restoration of historic Charleston Single Houses, work that earned the approval of the cityโ€™s Architectural Review Board.

Marshall was a lifelong learner with a deep passion for education, civic engagement, and service to others. He graduated from King College with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and History, followed by a Master of Education in Curriculum/History & Political Science from The Citadel. He earned his South Carolina Teaching Certificate from Charleston Southern University. A dedicated educator, Marshall taught for 3 years at First Baptist Church School in Charleston, SC, 17 years at R.B. Stall High School in Charleston, SC, and another 17 years at Calloway County High School in Murray, KY, where he taught AP History, AP Government/ Politics, Economics, and Humanities.

Marshall served as the President of the Charleston Federation of Teachers for nine years and sponsored numerous student organizations including We The People, Model Congress, Model UN, Leadership Tomorrow, Student Government, and Junior Achievement. He was an organizer for Mock Elections and Political Rallies and a volunteer for First Robotics, Inc. He was the Social Studies Department Chair at Calloway County High School and a representative for the School Based Decision Making Council. He served as an Instructor of Political Science at Murray State Universityโ€™s Commonwealth Honors Academy and as a Cooperating Teacher for Murray State University Student Teachers. He coached various sports, including high school varsity soccer and track and field. He led student trips to Washington, DC, New York City, andthe Bahamas inspiring many young minds along the way; he also notably led the Kokehashi Project Bridge to Tomorrow Japan Exchange Program. He cajoled those around him to question convention, think independently, and advocate for their passions. His dedication to students was evident, and he was deeply involved in mentoring both students and teachers.

Marshall received numerous honors throughout his career, including being named the 1995 Applied Economics Teacher of the Year and a National Finalist with Junior Achievement. He was twice recognized as Stall High Schoolโ€™s Teacher of the Year (1995 and 1996), led the Calloway County soccer team to a Region 1 Championship in 1999, and was inducted into both the KY YMCA Advisor Hall of Fame and the KUNA Hall of Fame for his outstanding leadership and mentorship.

Marshall was named a Kentucky Colonel in 2015 for his service and accomplishments on behalf of others, and in 2013, he received the Civic Education Leadership Award. He was passionate about civic engagement and served as a columnist for the Murray Ledger & Times and Forward KY, providing a progressive Democratic Party perspective on local, state, and national issues. He was an active member of the Calloway County Retired Teachers Association and the Kentucky Retired Teachers Association for which he served as a lobbyist and co-chair of the legislative committee. His active role in the community extended to serving on the Murray-Calloway County Park Board, as secretary of the Calloway County Library Board, as president of the Murray-Calloway County Soccer Association, and as Camp Director for Challenger Sports soccer camp.

In addition to his career in education, Marshall was an avid traveler, having backpacked through Europe and honeymooned with Pam in the British Isles. He enjoyed family vacations to Folly Beach, Ireland, France, Belgium, Germany, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Portugal, and Banff National Park. A lifelong patron of the arts, Marshall nurtured creativity not only in himself but also in his children, encouraging their pursuits in music, painting, photography, film, and glassblowing. He took great pride in Lauren, Dillon, and Alexโ€™s talents and was their biggest supporter.

Marshall also had a sharp mind and a love for friendly competitionโ€”he was a talented bar trivia player, and his team, The No Brainers, enjoyed regular success at The Big Apple in Murray. He was also a passionate Tennessee Vols fan and enjoyed watching college football, English Premier League, and March Madness with Pam. He loved cooking breakfast for dinner and was known for his fluffy omelets, and he was quick to remind you that he was able to cook them over an open fire thanks to his early days as a Boy Scout.

Marshallโ€™s life will be remembered by his unwavering commitment to others, his passion for teaching and learning, and his relentless pursuit of justice, progress, and improvement in all aspects of life.

Visitation will be held from 5:00 p.m. โ€“ 8:00 p.m. on July 18, 2025, at the J.H. Churchill Funeral Home & Cremation Services. A memorial service will be held at 2:00 p.m. on July 19, 2025, at the J.H. Churchill Funeral Home & Cremation Services. A celebration of life gathering will follow at 4:00 p.m. on July 19, 2025, at the Big Apple Grill and Bar in Murray, Kentucky, to honor and continue celebrating Marshallโ€™s life. In lieu of flowers, the family requests donations to the Kentucky Retired Teachers Association, 7800 Leaders Lane, Louisville, KY 40291, Calloway County Retired Teachers Association, c/o Pam Ward, 1308 Oakhill Drive, Murray, KY 42071, the Murray High School Boysโ€™ Soccer Program, 1800 Sycamore Street, Murray, KY 42071, Calloway County High School Boysโ€™ Soccer Program, 2108 College Farm Road, Murray, KY 42071, or the Calloway County Democratic Party, make checks payable to CCDP, 112 North 10th Street, Murray, KY 42071.

Marshall will be greatly missed by all who knew him, but his memory will live on through the lives he touched.

Online condolences can be made atย www.jhchurchill.com

Land Between the Lakes awarded grant for Turkey Bay OHV project (Press Release)

MEDINA, Minn. โ€“ย Today, Polaris Inc., a global leader in powersports, in partnership with the National Forest Foundationย (NFF), announced the 2025 recipients of the Polaris Fund for Outdoor Recreation Grants. The Grants are awarded to support outdoor recreation, trail conservation and promote responsible riding to help protect the nationsโ€™ forests and surrounding lands.

This year, more than $113,000 in funding will support five initiatives in various National Forest locations located in Arizona, California, New Hampshire, Colorado, and Kentucky.

โ€œPolaris is committed to having a positive impact on the places where people use our products and the Polaris Fund for Outdoor Recreation Grants with the NFF are one of the many ways this comes to life,โ€ said Pam Kermisch, Chief Customer and Growth Officer and President of the Polaris Foundation. โ€œThe grants support essential initiatives such as trail restoration, conservation and responsible riding education, to help enable future generations to create lasting outdoor memories.โ€

2025 Grant Recipients:

  • Phase 1: Land Between the Lakes NRA – Turkey Bay OHV Area, Kentucky: This grant will initiate projects such as a new paved entrance turn lane, striped traffic lanes, speed bump and safety signage installation, resurfaced parking areas, and expanded overflow camping and day-use zones. These upgrades aim to enhance safety and the overall off-highway vehicle (OHV) user experience.
  • Navigate Responsibly Project – Coconino National Forest, Arizona: This grant will help improve motorized visitor navigation and protect natural resources through the production and installation of new signage. Signs will be placed in strategic areas along highways and busy recreation corridors to guide visitors and promote responsible riding in approved areas. 
  • Snowmobile Park Improvements – Lassen National Forest, California: This grant will support the installation of updated trail markers and trailhead signs, along with the printing of winter recreation maps for public use. These enhancements will improve access and safer riding experiences to both groomed and ungroomed snowmobile areas across the forest.
  • Snowmobile Bridge Improvements – White Mountain National Forest, New Hampshire:This grant will provide materials to repair two snowmobile trail bridges in need of new wood decking. The improvements will help support a safe riding experience and more reliable winter trail access.
  • Alpine Loop Trail Kiosks – GMUG National Forest, Colorado: This grant will replace kiosk structures and update essential information at two locations within the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests. The upgrades will improve trailhead visibility for riders and visitor orientation. 

โ€œWe are thankful for our long-standing partnership with Polaris,โ€ said Dieter Fenkart-Froeschl, President and CEO of the National Forest Foundation. โ€œOur shared passion for outdoor recreation leads us to collaborate on meaningful projects that help some of the 170 million yearly visitors to National Forests have a more enjoyable time outside.โ€

Polaris and the NFF have a longstanding history of working together to support trail creation, trail restoration and reforestation projects. In 2021, the Polaris Fund for Outdoor Recreation was established with Polaris committing to donate $5 million over five years to the NFF. The endowment issued its first grant in 2022 and has since supported projects across the country including Green Mountain National Forest in Vermont, Sam Houston National Forest in Texas, and Tonto National Park in Arizona.

To learn more about the Polaris and NFF partnership, please visit https://www.polaris.com/en-us/national-forest-foundation-partnership/

About the National Forest Foundation

The National Forest Foundation is the official nonprofit partner of the US Forest Service. The NFF is national in scale and local in practice, with work focused in three vital areas: wildfire risk reduction, land and watershed restoration, and recreation for all. As a leader in forest conservation, the Foundation deploys 90% of its expenses towards projects and programs across the countryโ€™s 193-million-acre National Forest System. Learn more at www.nationalforests.org

About Polaris Inc.

As the global leader in powersports, Polaris Inc. (NYSE: PII) pioneers product breakthroughs and enriching experiences and services that have invited people to discover the joy of being outdoors since our founding in 1954. Polarisโ€™ high-quality product line-up includes the RANGER, RZR and Polaris XPEDITION and GENERAL side-by-side off-road vehicles; Sportsman all-terrain off-road vehicles; military and commercial off-road vehicles; snowmobiles; Indian Motorcycle mid-size and heavyweight motorcycles; Slingshot moto-roadsters; Aixam quadricycles; Goupil electric vehicles; and pontoon and deck boats, including industry-leading Bennington pontoons. Polaris enhances the riding experience with a robust portfolio of parts, garments, and accessories. Headquartered in Minnesota, Polaris serves nearly 100 countries across the globe. www.polaris.com

Making history: Mayfield business becomes first to cultivate medical cannabis (Press Release)

FRANKFORT, Ky. โ€“ Gov. Andy Beshear announced today that Kentuckyโ€™s Medical Cannabis Program has reached another milestone as Armory Kentucky LLC, a Tier II cultivator based in Mayfield, introduced the first medical cannabis inventory in Kentucky history. Cultivation at the Graves County site began on Friday, following approval of the facility inspection by the Kentucky Office of Medical Cannabis.

โ€œThis administration made a commitment to Kentuckians suffering from cancer, PTSD, multiple sclerosis and other eligible conditions, and I am proud we are making progress to deliver safe, affordable access to medical cannabis,โ€ said Gov. Andy Beshear. โ€œThrough work with the General Assembly to move up business licensing by six full months and providing licensees with the tools they need to get up and running, we are closer than ever to providing Kentuckians with life-changing relief.โ€

The beginning of cultivation at Armory Kentucky LLC marks a major milestone as the Kentucky Office of Medical Cannabis continues to make progress toward ensuring Kentuckians suffering with serious medical conditions have access to safe, tested medical cannabis products. Additional licensees, including processors and testing labs, are expected to begin operations in the coming weeks.

โ€œWe are pleased to see the progress that has been made,โ€ said Cannon Armstrong, executive director of the Kentucky Office of Medical Cannabis. โ€œWe look forward to working with all of our other licensees to get them up and operational as soon as possible.โ€

On Apr. 17, 2024, Gov. Beshear signed House Bill 829 into law, which moved up the timeline for medical cannabis licensing in Kentucky by six months. The Kentucky Office of Medical Cannabis began accepting applications from prospective businesses on July 1, 2024.

On March 31, 2023, Gov. Beshear signed Senate Bill 47, legalizing medical cannabis for Kentuckians beginning Jan. 1, 2025.

To date, Kentucky has licensed 81 businesses and registered over 400 medical cannabis practitioners. More than 17,000 Kentuckians have been issued a written certification, and over 11,000 have successfully applied for and received a medical cannabis card.

For more on Kentuckyโ€™s Medical Cannabis Program, visit kymedcan.ky.gov.

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